Pluralism, Liberalism and Islamism: Religious Outlook of Muhammadiyah
Studia Islamika 2018 (forthcoming) Ahmad Najib Burhani ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute; LIPI – Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jakarta Abstract Muhammadiyah has been perceived as an example of a success blend of Islam and modernity. By adopting modern ethics of discipline, equality, and hardworking, this organization has become a rich and independent movement. Quantitatively, the number of Muhammadiyah’s educational and health institutions is only surpassed by the ones owned by Indonesian government. It has 177 colleges and universities; thousands of higher, middle, and elementary schools; and hundreds of hospitals and other health institutions. Social, educational, and economic success of certain organization, however, does not necessarily indicate that it also embraces pluralistic value and religious tolerance. This paper, therefore, intends to describe Muhammadiyah’s position in the context of pluralism, liberalism, and Islamism. This paper argues that Muhammadiyah is progressive in...